Optimización estructural y acústica de pantallas para la reducción de contaminación ambiental por ruido

Abstract

This project carries out the acoustic and structural optimization of noise barriers to reduce the levels of noise pollution caused by traffic. It has been developed six chapters which are aimed to strengthen and sustain the structure of this document to accomplish this purpose. The thesis presents an introduction about automotive noise generation mechanisms, as well as basic concepts of acoustics and types of anti-noise screens. There is also information concerning the method of finite elements and acoustic simulation of fluid-structure interaction. Then, using the finite element method, the level of attenuated noise is obtained and the best alternative based on the results of the simulation is chosen. Next, the prototype is built based on the results of the numerical study. After a new acoustic simulation is made following the characteristics of the prototype and simulation results are compared with those that were achieved in the field trials, so that the numerical method used is validated to be applied in future researches. Finally, the sixth chapter presents conclusions and recommendations of which stands out that the attenuation of the prototype, obtained in field trials and in simulations, increases with the frequency. Therefore, it is concluded that greater attenuation occurs for higher frequencies than 400 Hz because the wavelength for these frequencies decrease, meanwhile the frequency increases closer to the thickness of the prototype.