Estudio del impacto de las variables meteorológicas en el comportamiento térmico de una edificación bajo las condiciones meteorológicas de Urcuquí

Abstract

Globally buildings involve a high consumption of primary energy, reaching 40% in developed countries. On the other hand, in Ecuador acording to the Ministery Coordinator of Strategic Sectors (MICSE), the electrical consumption of residential and commercial buildings account for 60% of total electrical energy. This high power consumption can be reduced by implementing energy efficiency measures in new and existing buildings. With that background, the following study has the objective of evaluate the influence of meteorological variables in the thermal behavior of a residential building (Casa Prototipo). The Casa Prototipo is a hermetic model building where meteorological variables such as ambient temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity and wind speed, as well as internal variables at strategic points of the housing are measured. For this study, experimental data were analyzed from December 2014 until October 2015, every five minutes. With the previously processed data, the order of influence of meteorological variables using a Pareto chart was found. Afterwards, with 80% of treated data multiple linear regression models for variables internal temperature of the building they were found. With 20% of excess data an experimental validation is performed to find ranges of meteorological variables where the prediction error is lower. Prediction models of internal air temperatures have an R2 of 0.41 in the worst case when the user only available the ambient temperature for prediction. The average error is nearly to 10% according to experimental validation, this error decreases as the number of variables in the model.