Evaluación del poder calorífico de los residuos sólidos urbanos biodegradables generados en la zona residencial, mercados y ferias del sector sur de la ciudad de Quito

Abstract

In this project, it was determined the calorific power of the organic waste generated in the South of Quito, represented by the residential subareas of socioeconomic stratum medium, medium-low and low and the commercial subarea, with the object of value it generating energy to reduce the volume of waste that currently go to the landfill. The sampling points were obtained from statistical analysis. It was made a first stage of sampling to identify the point that reports the main percentage of organics in each subarea. A second stage of sampling was developed with the object of obtain the samples analyzed in lab to determine the calorific power through the reading of humidity, volatiles, carbon and ashes in samples, and through the use of a calorimeter. It was estimated the reduction of the volume of waste and a proposal about incineration and energy generation was made. The annual reduction of the volume of waste was estimated in 861 572 m3, representing an annual saving about USD 5 million, extending the lifetime of the landfill almost 5 years. Moreover, it was determined that the sale of energy generated by the incineration of organic waste could represent earnings for almost USD 13 million/yr.