Segregación y violencia como fenómenos emergentes de la dinámica social en la ciudad de Quito

Abstract

Segregation is a social phenomenon, defined as the non-trivial distribution of human groups in a city. This phenomenon emerges from the preference of persons for living in neighborhoods with people of similar characteristics. These characteristics can be related to social factors such as the ethnicity, income or level of education of a person. In this thesis the dominant factor in the segregational dynamics of Quito is studied. This dominant factor is defined as the main reason for people to decide to move or not to another neighborhood. The first proposal is an agent-based algorithm that allows to characterize the segregational process of a dominant factor. The second proposal is a statistical algorithm that takes as a starting point the existing segregation in a city to estimate which factor is the dominant one. With the results, when these algorithms are applied in Quito, we concluded that the socioeconomic factor is the dominant one. Finally, a relationship is estimated between the socioeconomic segregation of Quito and different types of crimes reported in the city.