Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://bibdigital.epn.edu.ec/handle/15000/2245
Title: Evaluación del grado de deterioro y el nivel de contaminación de los residuos plásticos de cubiertas de invernaderos provenientes de las florícolas del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito
Authors: Cazar Castro, María Andrea
Keywords: RECICLAJE DE PLASTICOS
POLIMEROS
CONTAMINACION AMBIENTAL
INVERNADEROS
Issue Date: 2-Jul-2010
Publisher: QUITO/EPN/2010
Abstract: La creciente generación de residuos plásticos de invernaderos provenientes del sector florícola pone en evidencia la necesidad de buscar alternativas que permitan asegurar el reciclaje y la reutilización del material. El presente trabajo se enfoca en la determinación de las características, nivel de deterioro y contaminación que muestran los plásticos de invernadero una vez que estos han sido desmontados, con ello se espera contribuir en la identificación de mecanismos adecuados de reciclaje. El tipo de plásticos empleados en los diferentes invernaderos del Distrito Metropolitano de Quito fue determinado mediante espectroscopia infrarroja (Transmitancia y HATR), y calorimetría diferencial de barrido. La determinación del nivel de deterioro requirió el estudio de las propiedades mecánicas de los materiales degradados, en comparación con muestras de películas vírgenes, se realizaron pruebas de tracción - deformación bajo la norma ASTM-882, así como, pruebas de rasgado según la norma ASTM-1004; el estudio de la degradación se complementa con la determinación, por espectroscopia infrarroja, del incremento en la banda de carbonilo (1800 - 1650 cm-1) de las muestras bajo estudio. En cuanto a la contaminación de los plásticos, se determinó la concentración de pesticidas presentes en los materiales, para la realización de estos análisis se seleccionó a la empresa Gruentec en vista de que cuenta con la base de estándares para pesticidas más completa en nuestro medio. La determinación fue efectuada por las técnicas de espectroscopia de masas y cromatografía de gases, para 54 pesticidas: 12 organofosforados, 25 organoclorados, 6 organonitrogenados, 5 piretrinas y 6 carbamatos. Debido a la ausencia de una normativa adecuada para este tipo de residuos, los resultados se compararon con la Norma Brasilera de Residuos Peligrosos y la Norma Japonesa de Alimentos
URI: http://bibdigital.epn.edu.ec/handle/15000/2245
Type: Articulo
Appears in Collections:Tesis Ing. Química (IQUIM)

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