Análisis de las brechas salariales entre sector público y privado del Ecuador según la encuesta nacional ENEMDU y su incidencia en indicadores sobre: desigualdad en la distribución del ingreso y acceso a una canasta básica, en el período 2007-2014

Abstract

Some research evidences salary differences between labor groups in Ecuador such as: gender, ethnicity, public-private, among others. However, this literature has not dealt with the incidence of the same in the distribution of income or satisfaction of basic needs of society. The fulfillment of the objective of this work makes it possible to fill the void referred to the public and private sectors of the Ecuadorian labor market. The basic instrument of this research is the National Survey of Employment and Unemployment, ENEMDU, as well as indicators of living conditions of the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses - INEC, between 2007 and 2014. The methodology starts by identifying the wage discrimination between the public and private sector through the equations of Mincer (1974). The results show the existence of a salary premium in favor of public sector workers. Based on the Blinder - Oaxaca (1973) contribution, the estimation of salary equations by separate groups is performed and the incidence of the results in indicators of living conditions on income inequality (Gini concentration) and coverage of basic basket.