Evaluación del Potencial Toxicológico de los Plaguicidas Atrazina y Diazinón a Través de los Bioindicadores Daphnia pulex y Artemia salina

Abstract

The present investigation analyzes the ecotoxicological effects of two agrochemicals widely used in Ecuador: atrazine and diazinon evaluated on the bioindicators Daphnia pulex and Artemia salina. The bioassay methodology was based on the analysis of acute toxicity with D. pulex (LC50-24h) and A. salina (LC50-48h), sub-lethals trials with D. pulex and evaluations of hatching inhibition with A. saline cysts. The results showed that acute toxicity in A. salina and D. pulex corresponds to 0.971 g/L and 12.011 mg/L, respectively for atrazine and 29.534 mg/L and 0.053 μg/L, for diazinon. Atrazine inhibited the hatching of 50% of A. salina cysts from 0.45 g/L and reached 100% by applying 1.8 g/L, whereas for diazinon the inhibition of hatching cysts was 45% form 15.3 mg/L and 100% by using 102 mg/L. Regarding sub-lethal toxicity on D. pulex, affectations were established at reproductive level with NOEC = 0.375 mg / l and LOEC = 0.75 mg / L for atrazine, while the NOEC found value for diazinon was 0.00053 μg/L.