Auditoría energética e implementación de un plan de mejoras basado en la norma ISO 50001 para el sistema de tinturación de telas y calderos de la industria textil latinoamericana “Intela”

Abstract

The present technical research consists in an energy audit to the dyeing and steam systems of the company Intela. Moreover, the project is focused on auditing only energy based on fossil fuels and not electricity, for this reason certain components of the systems were not audited. The energy analysis for the dyeing system was made for the eight machines, and specifically to its heat exchangers because those are the main part where the energy is consumed. The analysis for the steam system was made for the boilers, the distributors, the distribution lines, the condensate tanks and the return lines of condensate that allow the generation, distribution and return of steam and liquid. The energy auditing was made in two stages: first the preliminary and after the detailed. In the preliminary audit, the information corresponding to operating parameters, equipment, and general description of each component of the systems was carried out, and it was found that the critical problem of energy losses is due to the poor thermal insulation of company facilities. The detailed stage consists in determining numerically energetic parameters which indicate the efficiency of the systems and where the energy is lost. Moreover, the average efficiency of the three boilers is 82% and each efficiency was obtained by two different methods that differ by 1.5%. In addition, the average effectiveness of the exchangers is 80%, and the percentage of zones without isolation, is 72%. These indicators determine the cost of energy losses which represent deficits of $ 28,000 per year. To conclude, a plan based on the ISO 50001 was developed in order to improve the performance of the systems. Furthermore, if thermal insulation were placed in critical areas, a saving of approximately $ 26,000 per year would be achieved with an investment of around 3200 dollars which will be recovered in an estimated time of 2 months.