Caracterización físico-química del crudo napo en la Refinería Estatal Esmeraldas (REE)

Abstract

The present experimental work was developed in the city of Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Several methodological procedures were considered for the characterization of heavy crudes that contain, among other aspects, the theoretical foundation, properties of the crude oil, sampling, principles of the laboratory tests, criteria for the selection of materials, and with the results of the characterization of Crude oil is expected to contribute significantly to the design of the surface and tubular facilities of the hydrocarbon industry. Determine the physical and chemical properties of heavy crude is a dynamic process that is obtained from a representative sample of oil; and by means of a detailed and above all updated study of the hydrocarbon, it allows to find causes and consequences of operational problems in the transfer of crude oil, helps to define schemes to optimize production processes, storage, transportation and to evaluate the environmental impact that the extraction of the raw. For this purpose there are standardized procedures such as various laboratory tests (ASTM) regulated and regulated by national and international organizations. In this study, it was determined that the operating conditions of units and equipment in the surface facilities need a greater emphasis on the use of nickel alloys to solve the corrosion problems that heavy oil presents. According to NACE International standards, the various nickel alloys have been used effectively in the United States to resolve the conflict of moderate and high temperatures, pitting, cracking, corrosion by oxidation, corrosion cracking, erosion in general.