Propuesta de un sistema de saneamiento de aguas residuales del recinto “Galápagos” ubicado en la parroquia Las Pampas del cantón Sigchos-Cotopaxi.

Abstract

This investigation presents a proposal for wastewater treatment adequate for the "Galapagos" community of “Las Pampas” parish in the Sigchos-Cotopaxi canton. At present, the wastewater of the community is discharged into the area’s natural waterways without receiving any type of treatment, generating social and environmental damage.

For the development of this degree project, information was collected from the study site, through the consultation of existing technical reports in the Sigchos Municipal Decentralized Autonomous Government (GADMS for its initials in Spanish), in order to determine the main problems existing in the area, as well as pre-existing structures and systems. After reviewing the documentation provided, topographic and registration data were collected to evaluate the operation of the sewerage system.

Through collected bibliographic data and theoretical pollution indexes of residential and municipal wastewater, two proposals were created for the purification of this type of wastewater. These sanitation proposals were evaluated through feasibility matrixes to decide which is the most viable to be applied, taking into account social, economic and operational aspects.

The document concludes with the treatment proposal that has the highest feasibility value, showing that this treatment model is the one that best suits the needs of the Galapagos community. This proposal consists of pretreatment and energy dissipation structures, a septic tank with an overlying chamber as secondary and biological treatment in order to finish the treatment with an infiltration field, which eliminates pollutants that were not removed in previous processes.