Estudio analítico de la incidencia de la mampostería arquitectónica elaborada en bloque en el comportamiento sísmico de tres arquitecturas seleccionadas en hormigón armado (2 y 4 pisos) de la ciudad de Quito.

Abstract

The following work is a theoretical study that analyzes the use of masonry made from 15 cm hollow concrete block used for architectural and dividing purposes, in seismic behavior of three selected architectures; two with two floors and one with four floors, to which linear static, linear dynamic and nonlinear static analysis is carried out. This analysis incorporates the process of determining and evaluating structural design, considering the use of flat concrete slabs with band beams; this type of system being the most used in the country. This process was briefly evaluated, based on the text of design recommendations presented by engineer Patricio Placencia for flat concrete slabs with band beams, in order to understand the problems that may arise by the use of the aforementioned method of construction with slabs and beams. In addition, non-conventional structural options are presented as a solution to the problem that arises from the use of framed systems with flat slabs and band beams. The results obtained show the impact of the use of good and medium quality masonry on structural stiffness, as well as the formation of soft floors, as a result of poor architectural distribution both in plan and elevation of the masonry. This was reviewed based on the soft floor permissibility criteria of the Ecuadorian standard, as well as foreign standards; additionally, the stresses obtained in the dividing masonry walls have been evaluated and the percentage of these that will fail in a seismic event has been determined.To determine the incidence of the masonry, the structures were modeled in ETABS software; the masonry was modeled by means of the equivalent strut method and by using Shell type elements, comparing the results obtained by each method, allowing the reader to decide on the best modeling option for the inclusion of masonry in the structural analysis of reinforced concrete portal frame systems.