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Título: Modelo geológico de los grandes movimientos en masa Oyacoto y San Francisco asociados al sistema de fallas activas de Quito y Guayllabamba, DMQ.
Autor: López Deffi, Mishell Elaines
Palabras clave: RIESGO
SISMOS
GEOLOGÍA
CINTURÓN OROGÉNICO
Fecha de publicación: sep-2022
Editorial: Quito : EPN, 2022.
Citación: López Deffi, M.E.(2022). Modelo geológico de los grandes movimientos en masa Oyacoto y San Francisco asociados al sistema de fallas activas de Quito y Guayllabamba, DMQ. 197 páginas. Quito : EPN.
Resumen: The Ecuador corresponds to an active margin characterized by the subduction of the Nazca plate under and the South American plate. This process generates crustal movements that are responsible for the regional and local active faults, as well as the active volcanic arcs and orogenic belts. The regional characteristics of the Ecuadorian territory also predisposes it to the occurrence of large mass movements. Large mass movements can remove volumes of material up to millions of cubic meters and its occurrence is related to tectonically active orogenic belts, volcanic arcs and active regional faults. Nonetheless, in the country there has not been yet carried out enough studies to truly characterize them or its tectonic context. In this sense, this research project focuses on determining the temporal and spatial occurrence of mass movement events within the dynamic context of the northern zone of the Quito and Guayllabamba intermountain basins. The morphological and lithostratigraphic data here obtained will be used to develop a geological model in the study area that explains the spatio-temporal evolution of the deposits generated by the mass movements and the factors that originated them. In the eastern flank of the Bellavista-Catequilla anticline fold, related to the northern segment of the Quito reverse fault system, there are the San Francisco and Oyacoto zones. In these zones some of the morphologies identified were: scarps, cracks, collapse deposits, interpreted as proof of the existence of mass movements. Concerning the morphotectonic characterization, it was determined that the Quito-Guayllabamba basin acts within a dextral transpressive regime caused by the interaction of the active fault systems of Quito and Guayllabamba. By means of morphostructural studies it was possible to outline that the Bellavista Catequilla uplift, on which the San Francisco and Oyacoto escarpments are located, was produced by the influence of the reverse faulting of the Quito fault system. Likewise, it was determined that the mentioned uplift causes the slopes to have a critical angle and predisposes them to collapse. The volume of removed material in this event was estimated on569 million m3, indicating that the last would correspond to an extremely large mass movement. In addition, the tephrostratigraphic studies conducted in the volcanic tephra samples collected in the study area, were compared with stratigraphic marker tephras, with previously defined ages. The results suggested an age of occurrence of these mass movements of approximately 10ka. This research project was developed within the framework of research cooperation between the Ecuadorian institutions EPN, USFQ, FLACSO and universities of the United Kingdom through the International Project “Tomorrow’s Cities”, which seeks to build safer spaces in the “Distrito Metropolitano de Quito”. In the study area, there are urban settlements on the escarpments and colluvial deposits of mass movements. Since it constitutes a risk for some Quito communities, it is essential to study the geological events that affect the area and develop actions that manage the risk.
Descripción: El Ecuador corresponde a un margen activo caracterizado por la subducción de la placa Nazca bajo la placa Sudamericana cuya convergencia oblicua genera movimientos corticales que producen fallas activas regionales y locales, arcos volcánicos activos y cinturones orogénicos, estas características regionales lo predisponen a la ocurrencia de grandes movimientos en masa. Los grandes movimientos en masa se caracterizan por remover volúmenes de material de hasta millones de metros cúbicos y su ocurrencia está relacionada a cinturones orogénicos tectónicamente activos, arcos volcánicos y fallamiento regional activo. Los datos morfológicos y litoestratigráficos servirán para elaborar un modelo geológico de la zona de estudio que explique la evolución espacio-temporal de estos movimientos y los factores que los originaron. En el pliegue Bellavista-Catequilla, se encuentran las zonas de San Francisco y Oyacoto. En estas se identificó morfologías que indican la existencia de estos movimientos en masa, de esta manera se determinó que la cuenca de Quito-Guayllabamba actúa en un régimen transpresivo debido a la interacción de los sistemas de fallamiento activo de Quito y Guayllabamba. A través de estudios morfoestructurales se definió que el levantamiento de Bellavista-Catequilla ocurrió debido a la influencia del sistema de fallas de Quito. Este levantamiento somete a las pendientes a un ángulo crítico y predispone su desprendimiento. El cálculo de volumen del material removido dando como resultado 569 millones de metros cúbicos, indicando que este correspondería a un movimiento en masa extremadamente grande. Se ha logrado establecer una edad de ocurrencia para estos movimientos en masa, en aproximadamente 10ka.
URI: http://bibdigital.epn.edu.ec/handle/15000/23019
Tipo: bachelorThesis
Aparece en las colecciones:Tesis Ingeniería Geológica (IGEO)

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