Diseño y construcción de una deshierbadora mecánica para siembras de ciclo corto.

Abstract

This document deals with the design and construction of a mechanical weeder for short cycle sowing, for which a literature review was conducted on the various kind of soils and their characteristics, and similar machines on the market. This was done to assess the forces for soil removal, which, together with client requirements were considered for the modification of a 2t supereli motor-scythe. Based on this, a selection of alternatives was conducted using the development of a functional and modular analysis. Five modules we assessed to know in detail the operation of each part of the machine. Module 1 (engine) and 2 (control and acceleration system) are defined by the specifications of the motor-scythe. Moreover, different alternatives were obtained for modules 3 (transmission system), 4 (plow system) and 5 (protection system). The most suitable option was selected using the corrected ordinal method of weighted criteria. Subsequently, a conceptual design was established, materials were selected, the calculation and final design of the elements that make up the weeder were made and presented in assembly, subassembly, and workshop drawings. Afterwards, the costs for the construction of the weeder were studied considering the materials and standardized elements, labor, contingencies, and design. Finally, once the manufactured parts were obtained, the assembly and operation tests were conducted in a field located in Cocotog, where it was verified that the weeder fulfilled the objective of removing weeds from short cycle crops.