Diseño y construcción de robot cartesiano para el corte de modelos 3d de poliestireno

Abstract

In the present work, a Cartesian robot which allows the cutting both in 2D and 3D of expanded polystyrene (EPS) was designed and built. For its design, the concurrent design methodology was used, this consists of the studying of the user needs and the requirements of the machine; In order to divide it into modules, launch several solutions and choose the best option. Thus, it was chosen to use linear guides for movement in the X axis, and a frame comprised of 20 series V-type profiles and linear sliders for movement in the Y axis. For 3D cutting, it has a rotary axis which contains a stepper motor and a clamping system for EPS blocks. The material is cut by heating a 26-gauge nichrome wire (80% Ni and 20% Cr) at high temperatures. Therefore, as in the realization of 3D figures, the machine generally makes axisymmetric 2D profiles, and they are repeated continuously depending on the degrees of rotation of the EPS. Finally, several modes of operation of the machine were studied, which consisted of varying the cutting speed and the current that circulates in the wire. Consequently, it was obtained as a result that the optimum mode of operation is 2.2 amps and 250 mm / min.