Análisis de la inclusión financiera en Ecuador desde un enfoque multinivel para el año 2018.

Abstract

Financial inclusion has gained prominence as its economic and social benefits have become known. However, there is little evidence combining aggregate and disaggregated factors to support it. This paper explores the individual and contextual characteristics associated with the probability of using a financial system service point and owning a bank account. For this, multi-level logistics models are estimated, with data at the individual level from the December 2018 ENEMDU conducted by the National Institute of Statistics and Census (INEC), and data at the cantonal level from statistics of the Central Bank of Ecuador (BCE) and he Agency for Regulation and Control of Telecommunications (ARCOTEL). Many similarities are found at the individual level, but there are differences at the aggregate level between the determinants of access and use. The study confirms that the contextual level does affect the level of individual financial inclusion.