Prevención y control de contaminación de recursos hídricos en la mancomunidad del chocó andino : Diseño de un plan de acción sobre la base del diagnóstico ambiental del Camal Rural de Calacalí.

Abstract

The slaughterhouse of Calacalí is located in the Andean Chocó Biosphere Reserve, and due to the discharge of effluents, residues and solid waste from its activities without prior treatment, corrective measures must be implemented to control the contamination caused to the reserve's water resources. This paper proposes an action plan to correct the non-compliances identified, based on the diagnosis of the situation at the time of the study. As part of the diagnosis, the environmental aspects of the slaughter, cleaning and disinfection processes of the facilities that slaughter a maximum of 135 bovine per day were identified. The components of the area of influence were determined and the environmental impacts were evaluated using a cause-effect matrix that assessed the magnitude and importance of the interaction between environmental aspects and components. Compliance with applicable environmental and technical regulations was evaluated using a checklist with 112 items and the information obtained from the technical visit to the slighterhouse. The root cause of noncompliance was identified using the 5 whys analysis technique and corrective measures were formulated for the action plan. The plan includes responsible parties, estimated costs associated with the corrective measures, follow-up indicators, means of verification and execution deadlines. The results of the environmental impact assessment show that wastewater containing blood, ruminant manure, disinfectants, and solid waste such as manure from the cattle slaughtering, cleaning, and disinfection processes have a very significant negative impact on the water quality of the "El Carnero" stream and its ecosystem. Job creation was identified as a moderately significant positive impact. The Calacalí animal feedlot complies with 55.4% of the environmental and technical regulations. According to the environmental categorization, this center requires environmental registration for its regularization. The areas where corrective measures would be implemented are: corrals, chute, evisceration area, slaughter area, and input and waste storage area. The proposed action plan includes 49 corrective measures, such as technical and economic feasibility studies for implementing cleaner production measures, solid waste and wastewater treatment, training, and updating slaughter procedures in accordance with the regulations of the Organic Law on Agricultural Health.