Tratamiento de agua en el hogar y almacenamiento seguro para la comuna de San Rafael-Checa, cantón Quito.

Abstract

Rural areas such as the commune of San Rafael, despite having a water distribution network that is originally for irrigation, lack drinking water, which is why it is necessary to apply domestic treatments that are efficient and affordable for the inhabitants. Part of the methodology focused on the search for hydrometeorological data as they influence the initial water parameters, which were essential to clarify the domestic treatment to be used and potential treatments such as solar disinfection. Based on the initial water parameters, the selected domestic treatment is the application of water treatment sachets (made up of chemical reagents) inside the houses of San Rafael. During the jar test trials, the optimum doses of each reagent were determined: aluminum sulfate, cationic polymer and calcium hypochlorite, their respective doses being: 50 mg/l; 0,15 mg/l and 4 mg/l. The control parameters were also measured during the application of each dose of the reagents, and these parameters were compared with Ecuadorian national regulations. The potabilization sachets were applied in 10- liter containers containing water from San Rafael with turbidity levels of 10,5 NTU and 20,1 NTU, thus obtaining an efficiency in the removal of apparent color and turbidity of 93,8% and 93,1% in the first case, with a residual chlorine value of 0,93 mg/l. The efficiency in the second case is 93,8% and 93,1%, respectively. The efficiency in the second case is 89,9% and 75,6%, with a residual chlorine value of 0,64 mg/l.