Estudio sobre los procesos de desarrollo en Latinoamérica y sus tecnologías de cuantificación en competitividad, innovación y emprendimiento.

Abstract

The development problem is a permanent concern at the academic and state management level. Diversity of criteria and metrics have been implemented to determine the position in which nations are in the search of the desired welfare state. At present it is widely accepted that competitiveness, entrepreneurship and innovation are dimensions that can significantly contribute to generating economic growth in nations and their quantification technologies (among which we can mention the Global Competitiveness Index - GCI, Global Innovation Index - GII and Global Entrepreneurship Monitor - GEM) are valid indices to determine the state of a country in the global context of economic growth and prosperity. However, the belief that traditional metrics are not the most appropriate for contexts outside the countries of current hegemony such as Latin America is more and more widespread. This study describes development in Latin America from a historical perspective, highlighting among others the social, economic, and technological variables, involved in the transformation processes and the cycles of rapid growth and subsequent crisis in which inequality and a marked dependence on the developed countries are evident. Applying a combined methodology of working hypotheses, Bayesian networks and structural equations on the databases of the GCI, GII and GEM in groups of developed (current hegemonies), emerging (BRICS) and developing (Latin America) countries, it is determined that the traditional indices have difficult explaining the determining variables for growth in different contexts outside of developed countries. Finally, based on the results obtained we present points for improvement of public management to scale the position of Latin American countries within global rankings and points for improvement to contextualize the technologies for quantifying the dimensions of development.