Secuestro de CO2 en formaciones petroleras: una alternativa para combatir el cambio climático.

Abstract

Climate change is an issue that is more present in recent years due to the importance for humanity and the planet. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is characterized as a greenhouse gas that contributes in large quantities to global warming. The alternative of capturing and storing CO2 is shown as a possible solution to decrease the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. This process consists of the separation of CO2 emitted by various industries, gas capture, transport and storage. This paper analyzes the technologies for CO2 capture in the pre- combustion and post-combustion phases. Moreover, it presents the technologies of sequestration or storage in geological formations, the ocean and by means of adhesion to minerals. Likewise it analyzes the technologies of transport by gas pipelines or ships. Finally, the fundamental characteristics to consider when implementing this solution in an oil country like Ecuador are described.