Elaboración de menús para encapsulamiento de residuos peligrosos para la empresa Hazwat.

Abstract

This project is aimed to use dangerous waste from HAZWAT remediation center, an enterprise that manages dangerous and special waste, so that they can be encapsulated in paving stones. Nowadays, this waste is subjected to an encapsulating process within a security cell, which is reaching its capacity limit, so it is imperative to look for new alternatives for its better use. The objective of this project is to offer an encapsulating alternative for dangerous waste such as illumination glass, cinders and sludge that comes from oil separation. To do this, a bibliographic investigation was made so that the most appropriate procedure and materials can be explored for obtaining paving stones. Up with this investigation, visits to the manage enterprise were made in order to prepare an inventory and a work agenda with all the possible characteristics and information of the stored waste in each shed. After that sand, cement and dangerous waste had been physically characterized, they were used to make paving stones by replacing some of the sand for a little amount of glass, cinder, and sludge. Once the paving stones had been cured for fourteen days, they were subjected to compression, abortion and leaching tests. Finally, physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics of the paving stones were evaluated. On average, they reached 30 MPa of strength and 7% of absorption. According to the INEN 1488 normative, this kind of paving stones can be used for pedestrian walking, parking lots and residential streets. Additionally, in the environmental area, the concentration of metals such as arsenic, cadmium, nickel, hexavalent chromium, mercury, lead, vanadium and zinc, complies with the limits allowed by TULSMA and EPA.