Influencia de factores meteorológicos en la calidad de la leche cruda de vaca en Ecuador.

Abstract

Raw cow’s milk quality is conditioned by the following factors: fat, protein, total solids, MSNF, somatic cell count and total bacteria count; each of these parameters depends as well on certain meteorological factors such as monthly average temperature and monthly average precipitation. The goal of this study was to determine the correlation between meteorological data and results of raw milk quality parameters in Ecuador for 2017, 2018 and 2019. Analytical results were represented graphically on political maps based on raw cow milk’s quality for the same years: 2017, 2018 and 2019. In the results of the study strong correlations between the monthly average precipitation and fat percentage were found in the provinces of Santa Elena (R = 0,6270, P = 0,0124), Cotopaxi (R = -0,5196, P = 0,0111) and strong correlations between monthly average precipitation and protein percentage were found in the provinces of Cotopaxi (R = -0,5461, P = 0,0070), Tungurahua (R = -0,4687, P = 0,0157) and Cañar (R = -0,4475, P = 0,0192. Nationwide, 61,87 % of milk samples met the national standard regarding physicochemical requirements; however, and 79,00 % of the analyzed samples did not meet the microbiological requirements. About 11,10 % of the analyzed raw milk samples between the years 2017 and 2019, according to their quality, met the exportation requirements.