Reducción de impactos ambientales, aumento de la eficiencia productiva en la empresa fomm cía. Ltda., y propuesta de gestión de los residuos orgánicos mediante compostaje aerobio : propuesta de alternativa de compostaje aerobio para el aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos orgánicos generados en el proceso de cultivo, producción de aceite y hojas secas de moringa de la empresa fomm cía.ltda.

Abstract

This research proposal focuses on an alternative method for aerobic composting to reuse Solid Organic Residues such as oil from the Moringa plant seeds as well as their dry leaves generated from the cultivation and production process of the Moringa plant at FOMM Cía.Ltda company. The study started with the characterization of solid organic residues (RSO), using a Flow diagram. RSO’s were broken down as SR1, SR2, SR3, SR3* for the seed oil production. HR1,HR2 were the dry leaves production. R4 which made up the residual solid waste created by the cultivation process. With mass balance and direct sampling, the generation rates, quantities, partial and total volumes and densities were obtained. The Ad Hoc matrix methodology was used to identify the environmental impact assessment. It showed negative impacts with NAG ranges between -60 and -64 which are considered medium severity impact level for soil and air. Additionally, positive impacts with NAG range between 63-64 were determined with the highest favorable medium impact level in soil, air, and water with potential in reducing social-economical expenses. This justifies the use of aerobic composting as a suitable environmental alternative that is cost effective. Five aerobic composting alternatives proposed were designed. Four were in open systems like rectangular, triangular, and trapezoidal turned windrow composting. One was a closed system passively aerated composting method. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of technical and economic parameters it was determined that the rectangular windrow composting shape was the most appropriate alternative for aerobic composting for both open and closed systems for the company. The economic benefits, space saving, and fewer materials to build in comparison to the other composting alternatives make this the most optimal model in this proposal to benefit FOMM Cía. Ltda.