Síntesis limpia de nanopartículas magnéticas de óxido hierro y análisis de citotoxicidad.

Abstract

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs-Fe) are nanomaterials that have gained attention in various bioapplications. Among them, antibacterial photothermal therapy (PTT) is an alternative to the problem that multi-drug resistant bacteria represent. The biocompatibility, stability, and functionalization of MNPs-Fe, among others, are properties of interest in antibacterial PTT. It was shown that orange waste from the local sale of orange juice could be incorporated into the circular economy. This is by taking advantage of its organic molecules through green synthesis, which allows obtaining MNPs-Fe in a fast and environmentally friendly way. This green approach provides for expanding the range of bioapplications in Fe-MNPs. Because its stability in solution was improved, aggregates were reduced, and cytotoxicity was enhanced (negligible at 250 µg/mL of MNPs-Fe) in mouse macrophages. The MNPs-Fe exhibited superparamagnetic behavior (SPM) over 60 K, surpassing their analogs obtained by coprecipitation and microwaves. Fe-MNPs inhibited gram-positive bacteria, such as S. aureus. and partially gram-negative bacteria, such as E. coli. The photothermal effect allowed reaching temperatures above 50 ⁰C, suggesting Fe-MNPs as photothermal agents (PTAs) comparable to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Due to the ease of being magnetically guided, the MNPS-Fe SPM proposes them as potential targeted drug delivery agents. Also, they can efficiently convert magnetic energy into heat. They do not have remanent magnetization and coercive field, ideal for cancer therapies.