Diseño de una red de sensores para la detección de incendios forestales en el Parque Metropolitano Guangüiltagua de la ciudad de Quito.

Abstract

Forest fires within the environmental field have become a determining factor when it comes to talking about climate change and it is that in recent years it represents a problem not only in Ecuador, but worldwide and even more so, evidencing exponential growth in environments forests during the summer season. The timely protection of these places is the most sustainable and effective solution. Forest fires represent a threat to the conservation of flora and fauna in addition to the discovery and intention of the human being, giving devastating consequences both in the economy, affectation of biodiversity and impact on society within the country. Thanks to advances in technology, it is feasible to use wireless sensor networks (Wireless Sensor Network, WSN), which allow new mechanisms for prediction and detection of the behavior of forest fires. For this project, the design of a wireless sensor network (WSN) is presented to detect a forest fire in the Guangüiltagua metropolitan park in the city of Quito. To carry out the project, on the one hand, information on the environmental impact generated will be determined, considering this redoubt of Andean Forest in the capital of Ecuador. On the other hand, the wireless sensor network will be designed, configured by a set of sensor nodes and a base station where they communicate with each other, which are responsible for the acquisition of variables in the environment, processing and sending information each time they are received. reach a set threshold. Likewise, to be able to process data on temperature, relative humidity, environmental factors such as carbon monoxide and dioxide, in such a way that the results of said detection in a wooded area can be inferred through a simulation, analyzing the behavior of each sensor in the network, both in checking the sudden changes in ambient temperature and in emphasizing the changes that can be observed in the increase in soil fuel moisture when a forest fire is going to occur. Finally, with the data analysis of the treated sensor network, experimental tests will be carried out to verify the correct design of our wireless sensor network.