Análisis del Internet en Ecuador y algoritmos de planificación de ruta para UAVs: revisión sistemática de Algoritmos óptimos para la planificación de rutas 3D de vehículos aéreos no tripulados en sistemas de comunicaciones.

Abstract

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV: Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) also known as drones, have experienced rapid development in recent years, this has made them very popular for various applications such as communication systems. One of the most important challenges that UAVs present in the field of communication systems is path planning in complex 3D environments. This with the objective of finding a path free of obstacles and being able to complete missions, network deployments or movements without collisions in the shortest possible time. Taking this problem into account in recent years, various path planning techniques have emerged that propose 3D obstacle avoidance in order to minimize travel time, improve ground coverage or even save the life time of the UAV in flight. Most of the existing proposals in the literature address path planning in a 2D environment; however, considering real conditions, 3D analysis is essential. It is for this reason that the present Curricular Integration Work proposes a systematic study of existing path planning solutions in UAVs in a 3D environment. The present study was carried out by analyzing 37 articles that were selected from a total of 631 documents from a search carried out in the Scopus database. For the selection, solutions that address path planning through optimization methods have been considered. Of all the articles analyzed, it was possible to observe that the path planning of the UAVs in 3D, due to its complexity, is carried out using approximate algorithms (heuristics) only, since in real applications the algorithms that produce exact solutions are computationally demanding. This paper includes a description of the elements that make up part of a communications system enabled by UAVs, the methodology used, and the results reported in response to the research questions posed. For a better understanding, comparison tables and graphs are included in the text of both the objectives to be maximized, the variables to be optimized and the algorithms implemented as solution strategies.