Estudio de riesgos ergonómicos en conductores de transporte pesado y la influencia de malas posturas en la generación de molestias musculoesqueléticas: estudio biomecánico experimental en conductores de transporte pesado y la influencia de malas posturas en la generación de molestias musculoesqueléticas.

Abstract

The present study has focused on the analysis of the affectations suffered by heavy transport drivers due to bad postures in the work of driving and the influence of these in the generation of musculoskeletal discomfort. Relationships are sought with companies that provide heavy transport services to carry out the initial study using an assessment of surveys to determine the critical points of affected areas of the body and a video-analysis of the positioning of the markers to verify this information. The data obtained from the first part allow us to establish an experimental protocol in the biomechanics laboratory, with the use of several scenarios in a simulation cabin of a truck with controlled parameters, a photogrammetry and electromyography system is carried out in a subject of test to define the kinematic and muscular movements of the left leg, upper back and right arm, parts of the body that are involved in the possible ergonomic effects of drivers. The information obtained provides representative graphs of each movement that are processed by means of Matlab software codes to eliminate disturbances and smooth the curves of the kinematic model and find an average graph that describes the movement. The results obtained are analyzed and interpreted to diagnose possible musculoskeletal causes and serve as a guide procedure for future research focused on these areas of the body.