Determinantes del subempleo en Ecuador. Período 2019.

Abstract

At the national level, in 2019, according to the INEC figures, 4.593.676 people had an inadequate employment - that is, 56,7% of the Economically Active Population (EAP)-, of which 1.440.983 people were underemployed - that is, 17,8% of the EAP. Compared to 2018, the figures increased by 158.537 people in an inadequate employment and 117.259 in underemployment. Thus, the data reflects that a greater number of people were not satisfied with their employment, either because they received an income below the minimum wage or worked less of the legal working day, thus having an impact on the quality of life and social stability and makes evident the inability of the labor market to absorb those who seek better job opportunities. This study has as a purpose identify the social demographic factors, that the influences probability that a person is underemployed, underemployed by the time and by income. For which three logistic (logit) models are estimated using the data from the Encuesta Nacional de Empleo, Desempleo y Subempleo (ENEMDU) as of December 2019. The results obtained suggest that being a man, residing in an urban area, and contributing to social security reduces the probability of being underemployed.