Evaluación del proceso de manufactura aditiva por medio de impresión 3D de las partes mecánicas de un prototipo de corazón artificial humano en filamento TPU y PLA para fabricación de moldes: impresión 3D de polímeros.

Abstract

To develop a new product from molds, it is necessary to produce a unique model, or prototype, of the desired component or system, before expending resources on completely new production facilities or assembly lines. The main reasons for this need are the high cost of capital, and the time it can take to prepare the elements involved in production; For these and other reasons, it is necessary to create a working prototype to evaluate its design, physical characteristics, mechanical properties, to predict and solve problems that may arise before, during and after the production of a product and its subsequent commercialization. Taking into account the aforementioned, the present work consists of producing a prototype of each one of the mechanical parts of a human heart design made up of 21 elements, to later analyze and evaluate its characteristics, as well as the 3D printing parameters, of which will depend on the acceptance of the printed prototype. The process begins with a bibliographical review of additive manufacturing by 3D printing, to complement the previous point, an approach is made with the printer that will be used; the material of the filament with which we carry out our work (polymers) is analyzed; Following an established methodology, open source files are obtained that contain a three-dimensional artificial heart design made up of 14 pieces distributed in 14 files (.stl) that, when assembled, result in the complete heart, then proceed to configure the parameters. from the printer with the help of the Ultimaker Cura software and obtain the G code that will later be taken to the printer to start the printing tests. Once the results of the first tests are obtained, feedback is obtained to determine the best and definitive configuration of the printing parameters and finally print the prototype in its entirety. In the final stage, the 3D printing of the artificial heart is evaluated as a prototype for molds of anatomical models of patients, which in turn allow the manufacture of prostheses, implants and educational tools; According to the results obtained from this evaluation, conclusions and recommendations of the process will be obtained.