Técnicas y tecnología de contención de derrames de petróleo: revisión de tecnología actual y aplicabilidad en el Ecuador.

Abstract

Currently, when an oil spill occurs, the containment in a confined area is prioritized as the initial measure in a safe, fast, and efficient manner. The primary objective is to minimize the impact on the environment, including flora, fauna, and nearby communities. This document looks forward to being a theoretical input for determining the applicability of techniques for the containment of oil spills in soil and water that can be applied in Ecuadorian fields, as well as to be a guide for students and professionals who require information about these techniques that are currently implemented around the world. This document begins with a description of containment techniques for spills in water and soil, considering aspects such as usage, limitations, general instructions, required equipment, maintenance, cleaning, and variations. Subsequently, an analysis was conducted using decision matrices to determine the most applicable technique for the Ecuadorian context. The optimal techniques identified for Ecuadorian fields are Absorbent Soil Barriers for soil and Absorbent Barriers for water, which are cost-effective and easy to apply.