Diseño de una planta para el tratamiento de los efluentes líquidos de la industria gráfica

Abstract

The aim of this project was to design a plant for the treatment of the liquid effluents generated in the offset printing process of a graphic industry by distillation to achieve the recovery of the organic solvents and adsorption with granular activated carbon for the treatment of the recovered aqueous phase in the distillation. The distillation process was performed under atmospheric conditions and under vacuum at 25 mmHg. On the other hand, with the residues of the distillation was determined the calorific value with the aid of a calorimetric pump. Atmospheric distillation allowed to recover 83.65 % by volume of solvents and vacuum distillation allowed to recover 56.50% by volume. In the adsorption process on column packed with 8x20 mesh granular activated carbon the COD concentration of the aqueous phase was reduced by 92 %, its final concentration was 265 mg•L-1 at pH 6.9. The residues from the distillation had a calorific value of 4 704.84 kcal/kg. Once the atmospheric distillation process and granular activated carbon adsorption were defined as the best alternative for the treatment of effluents, the flow diagram was composed of a heating, distillation, separation of the organic and aqueous phases and filtration with activated charcoal. The financial indexes obtained and which allowed to conclude that the treatment plant is viable were: PRI = 0.63 years, VAI = 84 993.64 USD, VAC = 28 205.64 USD and IR = 5.14.