Valorización del lupino (lupinus mutabilis) y del subproducto de lavado de las semillas, mediante la producción de carne vegetal, sustituto lácteo y extracción de principios bioactivos.

Abstract

The objective of this work is to obtain bioactive compounds from the lupine desamargado water. Lupine is a legume with great nutritional potential. Unfortunately, its consumption cannot be extended because it generates secondary metabolites such as alkaloids that, in addition to being toxic, give the grain a bitter taste. The elimination of the alkaloid content is carried out through a de-cluttering process that basically consists of a process of hydration or soaking, cooking, and washing. The desamargado process consumes a large amount of water, but it is indispensable for the elimination of alkaloids that are water-soluble. In lupine there are quinolizidine alkaloids, of which the most important is lupanine, which compared to other alkaloids reaches up to 80 %. The content of alkaloids in this seed is 4.2 %, in addition this bioactive compound can be extracted through concentration processes. In this project, the unit operations necessary for the extraction and concentration of lupanine were proposed, among them were microfiltration, concentrated by reverse osmosis, basification, mixing, evaporating, and filtering. A quantity of lupanine was obtained that represents 2.5% of the raw material used of 50 kg. Lupanine is currently being studied for applications in medicine as an anticonvulsant agent and in biotechnology as a biocidal agent for pest control.