Consumo de energía como proceso de desarrollo en Latinoamérica. Estudio del comportamiento del consumidor energético por sectores en Ecuador.

Abstract

The nexus between energy consumption is widely known as a factor that stimulates the economic development of countries, translating this development into a better quality of life for the population, the purpose of this research is to study Energy Consumption as a Development Process by analyzing the Behavior of the Energy Consumer by sectors in Latin America and in particular in Ecuador. To achieve this objective, it began with the description of the historical patterns of energy consumption in the context of development in Latin America and the quantification technologies (methodologies and instruments) used for their management, later an approach was made to determine the behavior of energy consumption by sectors in the Ecuadorian context and analyze the temporal evolution of the variables involved in the behavior of energy consumption in each identified economic sector. Finally, a model is made under a systemic approach to understand the dynamics of each sector with the application of improvement strategies in the management of energy consumption in Ecuador. The contextual analysis covers nine countries; Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Perú and Uruguay grouped into two economic groups CAN and MERCOSUR, from 1990 to 2018. For the specific analysis, Ecuador is taken into account, by measuring the variables in its three dimensions: economic (sectoral GDP), energy (sectoral energy consumption) and environmental (sectoral CO2 emissions); The total of the study analyzes 12 variables, 29 observations and a total of 348 total measurements.