Prevención y control de contaminación de recursos hídricos en la Mancomunidad del Chocó Andino : Prácticas agrícolas sostenibles para la producción de café en las parroquias de Nanegal y Nanegalito, área de influencia del Río Alambi.

Abstract

The present work proposes alternative sustainable agriculture practices for the production of coffee, characteristic crop of the Nanegal and Nanegalito parishes, near the influence area of the Alambi river. Prior bibliographic research of the different crops and agriculture practices in the parishes, we went on field trips, had interviews and meetings to select the study case. After that, we analyzed the hydric landscape quality in two bridges over the river, each one in the two parishes. A check list was made for the observations in these spots. The indicators considered for this were: native vegetation (occupied percentage and type of vegetation), presence of fauna (birds, macroinvertebrates, and fish), superficial water (presence of turbidity) alongside the characteristics observed in the riversides. The study case was done in the Rumisitana farm ubicated in Nanegalito. The environmental aspects in the production of coffee were identified and, with its environmental characteristics, we evaluated the environmental impacts of this activity. The Simplified Conesa Matrix was applied to determine the significant environmental impacts of the agricultural activities in the farm and, due to the importance of the impact, determine the proposals and prioritize each one. The impacts were determined to be moderate to low, which is corroborated by the compliance of the good practices for this crop. We analyzed water samples from water used for washing the coffee bean, after the pulping, and residual water. According to the parameters of national regulations, water quality is fulfilled for: aluminum, chlorates, sodium and fecal coliforms. The parameters for discharge water chemical demand of oxygen and fecal coliforms are within limits. International regulations for the parameters of calcium (32-48 mg/L) and magnesium (12-18 mg/L) are not fulfilled which could affect coffee quality since these are nutrients for the crop. The proposals of sustainable agricultural practices were stablished, around the local characteristics, research and observation of practices in the study case. A guide for the coffee crop in the MCA was formed, then, to facilitate its understanding and use, an infographic was prepared for socialization with the interested social actors, together with a satisfaction survey to receive feedback on the contents and the proposed resource. The information was of interest to the association by mentioning that there is greater availability of this type of material.