Análisis teórico-experimental de la generación eléctrica y pérdidas evaporativas de un sistema híbrido fotovoltaico flotante e hidroeléctrico en el Ecuador : Modelación y simulación de la ganancia en generación eléctrica de paneles fotovoltaicos flotantes debido a las mejoras en la eficiencia debido a la transferencia de calor entre el panel y la superficie del agua del reservorio.

Abstract

Hybrid systems composed of floating photovoltaic and hydroelectric systems seek to generate clean energy, through the combination of existing photovoltaic systems linked to a structure that allows them to float in hydroelectric reservoirs. The photovoltaic system also benefits from this interaction since the photovoltaic cells decrease their efficiency when their operating temperature rises. Then, as there is a temperature difference between the photovoltaic panel and the reservoir water, a heat exchange occurs. This heat exchange allows the photovoltaic cells to experience a decrease in internal temperature, which in turn will improve the efficiency of the panels. In the development of this component, the aim is to carry out the theoretical analysis of the thermal balance of the system to know the temperature reached by the photovoltaic cells inside the panel, under certain physical and geometric conditions. Knowing that the cooling of the panels allows an increase in their efficiency, a mathematical model was developed that allowed knowing the variables and understanding their effect on the variation in the temperature of the photovoltaic cell. Finally, it was found that the variables that have the greatest impact on the thermal behavior of the floating photovoltaic panel are incident radiation, the angle of inclination of the panel with respect to the reservoir, the zenith angle and wind speed. Meteorological data from The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) were used for the simulation of the thermal model of the panel and a temperature of 43.2°C was obtained at a radiation of 875 W/m2 in the photovoltaic cell.