Análisis teórico-experimental de la generación eléctrica y pérdidas evaporativas de un sistema híbrido fotovoltaico flotante e hidroeléctrico en el Ecuador.

Abstract

Water is a vitally important resource for humanity. It is used as drinking water, to irrigate crops and has sanitary and industrial purposes. Global warming may alter the availability of this resource. Lately there is an interest in evaluating the interaction of partially covered water basins with floating photovoltaic systems, since one way to achieve optimal use of water and determine its availability, it's essential to know the rate of water evaporation. The estimation of evaporation from the water surface is usually done through direct measurements or using mathematical models that require knowledge of some weather parameters. This study models and analyzes the reduction of evaporative losses due to the effect of floating photovoltaic partially covering the Mazar hydroelectric reservoir. Six literature models for free surface and a model derived from the Penman method for covered surfaces that is based on the energy balance on the water surface are detailed. Six literature models for free surface and a model derived from the Penman method for covered surfaces that is based on the energy balance on the water surface are detailed. The results of this work show that the amount of water evaporated not only depends on the percentage of surface covered, but also on the characteristics of the installed floating photovoltaic system. If only 30% of the reservoir surface is covered, it is possible to reduce evaporative losses up to 37.48% with suspended type systems and 67.96% with the floating type classification.