Propuesta de medidas preventivas y correctivas para disminuir el riesgo de material particulado en los talleres académicos de soldadura del instituto superior tecnológico tsáchila.

Abstract

The risk factors according to the type of welding used were analyzed, which made it possible to identify the dangers in situ and to be able to qualitatively assess the existing risks. Next, the risks of exposure to particulate matter were quantitatively determined. Finally, the proposal of a program of action in the source, medium and receiver was developed. The matrix proposed in the Colombian Technical Guide GTC-45 was used, the risks were weighted based on the levels of probability (NP), level of risk and intervention (NR). Likewise, the determination of existing particulate material in the welding area was carried out using the MTA/MA-014/A11 method and the criteria established in the UNE-EN 689 and ANSI Z49.1:2012 standards. According to the GTC-45 standard, the “welding fumes” risk has a probability level of 24/40, classified with a “Very High (MA)” risk probability, a value that positions it at a “risk level I” , generating an acceptability of the NOT ACCEPTABLE type, therefore, the welding shop is in a "Critical Situation". Regarding the determination of the gases present in the welding fumes, the presence of phosphine (PH3) was evidenced with an exposure dose greater than unity (3.32), a factor that determines that it exists in the academic welding workshop. overexposure to the chemical compound. Depending on what is exposed in order to obtain Acceptable Risk limit values in the welding workshop, they are proposed as measures at the source, in the medium and at the receiver.