Obtención de hidrogeles de nanocelulosa a partir de la fibra de abacá: obtención de hidrogeles de nanocelulosa a partir de la fibra de abacá utilizando el método por suspensión en glicerol.

Abstract

Abaca is a plant that contains 70% cellulose, so it is ideal in obtaining nanocellulose crystals (CNC), which have several applications because they are biodegradable and with high mechanical properties that exceed cabuya, totora, ceibo, among other fibers extracted in Ecuador. As an example, is the formation of hydrogels, where the combination of nanocellulose with other compounds in organic media promotes the aggregation of these, giving stability in its structure, allowing the formation of dense hydrogels and subsequently a better absorption of water. This paper presents the production of nanocellulose hydrogels by the method of glycerol suspension. It began with the production of cellulose by means of pulping by digestion with concentrated NaOH, followed by the obtaining of nanocellulose crystals by means of acid hydrolysis with H2SO4 64% (p/p) which then went through a washing process, isolated, and filtered. The solution with CNC in suspension was concentrated at values of 3%.4%.5% and 6% by weight, for the subsequent mixture with glycerin in relation to 2:1 by weight. Said mixtures were subjected to a drying process in an oven to cause gelation by means of two temperatures 70°C and 90 °C for 26 hours. The formation of hydrogels was verified with the inverted tube test and characterized by the swelling test. Mostly hydrogels formed by drying process at 90°C were obtained, which present better water absorption by swelling test. As the CNC concentration increased, the structural stability formed allows for greater resistance to rupture.