Alternativas biológicas para reemplazar los plaguicidas de mayor consumo en el Ecuador : alternativas biológicas para el reemplazo de nematicidas químicos en el Ecuador.

Abstract

Phytoparasitic nematodes are one of the main pests which affect crops in Ecuador. Chemical control of nematodes is based on the use of nematicides that are highly harmful to animals and humans. This paper describes the nematicides that are used in Ecuador, the crops that they are used and the nematodes that they control. Bananas and flowers, particularly roses, generate high economic income for the country from exports, approximately 4,4 million between them. The nematodes that affect bananas and roses are R. similis and M. incognita, respectively. A biological alternative that reduces infestations and crop damage and helps to control R. similis and M. incognita is P. lilacinus, a fungus that has the ability to infect eggs, affect juveniles J2 and cause malformations and alterations with the other stages. Solid fermentation is used for the production of P. lilacinus spores, substrates from agroindustrial wastes such as rice bran, a good alternative because it is an excellent option to achieve high spore concentrations (1.79 x 10^10 spores / g substrate) at low costs.