Técnicas biomecánicas en ergonomía: diseño de una técnica de valoración funcional en actividades de teletrabajo.

Abstract

The purpose of this curricular integration work is to define an experimental protocol for evaluating efforts and postures in teleworking activities, where critical scenarios were defined based on previous studies carried out in the first stage (phase) of the research project PIS-20-04 with administrative staff, teachers and students from the National Polytechnic School. The questionnaires revealed three factors of variability in the real estate regarding the use of the table, chair armrests, and computer. This made it possible to define a teleworking scenario in ergonomic conditions and 7 variability scenarios of the three factors mentioned, designed in a 2k statistical experiment. The scenarios take into account the variability of real estate in the height of the chair with respect to the desk, the distance between the chair with respect to the desk, lack of armrests on the chair in teleworkers who use the computer or laptop. This makes it possible to identify the effects of stress on the neck, upper trapezius and deltoid muscles, in addition to assessing the postures in the neck-head, trunk and arm. The experimental protocol is based on two synchronized techniques, photogrammetry to measure posture and EMG (Electromyography) to measure muscle effort. Two pilot tests were carried out on two volunteers, and thus identify effort and posture variables that help to improve and design real estate for teleworking. To compare the efforts, a normalization of the physiological signal is necessary, defined in a calibration gesture of minimum and maximum capacity, while the activities in the 7 scenarios must be standard, the same ones that were carried out through a questionnaire and text transcription.