Estudio de la acumulación de energía vibracional en dispositivos piezoeléctricos colocados en sistemas e infraestructuras ferroviarias: análisis y simulación del acumulador piezoeléctrico bajo la acción de una carga sinusoidal.

Abstract

The needs of the current world in energy matters require a better use of it. For this, multiple methods of clean energy collection are proposed that make processes of different types are recycled. In this sense, it is appropriate to propose a method of energy harvesting using piezoelectric devices. These represent a solution for the collection of energy, which is usually dissipated without any use. For this purpose, alternative solutions are proposed through an appropriate selection of the piezoelectric device and how it will be implemented. Thanks to adequately defining the needs and applying the concurrent design methodology, parameters can be chosen to obtain efficient energy harvesting. Thus, an analytical mathematical modeling registered in the media model via with continuous parameters, defined by various authors, mainly by Wang (2016), is used. This author proposes a mathematical model for two degrees of freedom, where the dynamics of the sleeper and the rail are simultaneously considered, interconnected, and modeled with a mass-spring-damped system, with the piezoelectric device anchored to its structure. By driving a sinusoidal external load, responses for voltage and power output were obtained. To verify the behavior of the system, a variation of parameters is used to later propose alternatives for improvement and efficiency. Finally, the results are validated by comparing what was obtained in this research with similar research on energy harvesting, proposed by various authors.