Análisis de las características, comportamiento, efectos adversos de los plaguicidas y alternativas para su eliminación.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics, behavior, adverse effects of pesticides and alternatives for their elimination. Specifically, a qualitative analysis was carried out on the theoretical part and a meta-analysis on the elimination alternatives of two types: physical-chemical and biological, applied to pesticides according to two criteria: persistence in water and acute toxicity in aquatic microorganisms, both into three categories: null, moderate and high, for the first criterion, and low, moderate and high for the second. The qualitative analysis was carried out through tree diagrams of problems and objectives to determine the consequences on the environment and health due to the use of pesticides, their causes and alternatives for damage remediation. Based on this analysis, the following objective was established to carry out a meta-analysis of physical-chemical versus biological treatments, by means of a mean difference analysis and calculation of the effect size, to determine the feasibility of replacing physical-chemical treatments with Biologicals for each group of pesticides based on efficiency, sustainability characteristics and costs (affordable or high). From this it was obtained as a result that the replacement would be feasible for the group of non-persistent pesticides, while for the groups of moderate and high persistence it would not. And, regarding the case of pesticides categorized according to their acute toxicity in microorganisms, there were inconsistencies, which were attributed to research biases. Subsequently, a descriptive statistical analysis was carried out on each type of pesticide treated with each type of treatment, to determine which was the most efficient treatments, but also those with the best sustainability and cost characteristics. Thus, it was evidenced that microbial bioremediation and biosorption were the treatments with the greatest potential for efficiency, cost, and sustainability.