Elaboración de menús de encapsulamiento de residuos peligrosos para la Empresa Hazwat : encapsulamiento de vidrios de luminarias, escorias de incineración, vidrio triturado (ampolletas y frascos vacíos de perfumes) y cenizas de fondo de la cámara de combustión generadas por el proceso de incineración.

Abstract

The generation of hazardous waste has become a worldwide problem, mainly due to the presence of metals that can affect nature and human beings. This is why the encapsulation technique has become an effective solution. This alternative is based on the addition of hazardous waste into the concrete mix, forming a cementitious matrix that immobilizes the contaminants and prevents their migration to the external environment. The objective of this work is to determine the optimum aggregate replacement dosage (sand and gravel) for the encapsulation of hazardous waste (crushed glass from ampoules and perfume bottles, light fixtures, incineration slag and bottom ash from combustion chamber) that replaces the greatest amount of construction material without altering the characteristics of the concrete, through the initial characterization of hazardous waste and concrete aggregates in order to establish four replacement dosages corresponding to 5, 10, 15 and 20%, in addition to a dosage containing only aggregates and cement, which will be used as a reference to establish the variation that the addition of this type of components generates in the concrete. Once the dosages were established, 15 concrete cubes were cast (3 replicates of each dosage), five cubes were used in the compression test to verify that they complied with the established minimum strength of 210 kgf/ cm3 and the remaining cubes were subjected to a leaching test using Method 1315 EPA by immersing the cubes in distilled water for 112 days, controlling the pH and conductivity at eight 14-day intervals.. Finally, it was verified by spectrometry that the metals in the leaching water complied with the maximum permissible limits of Municipal Ordinance 404, ensuring their confinement within the cementitious matrix (cubes).