Esquema Óptimo de Alivio de Carga Considerando la Respuesta Dinámica de la Frecuencia

Abstract

An Electrical Power System (EPS) is in constant dynamic variations due to: the variation in demand, the presence of disturbances, operational maneuvers in the system and/or the operation of the protection system. During the operation of the SEP, disturbances may occur that produce a large imbalance between the supply and demand of energy in the system. A deficit in generation causes a drop in frequency that, if not controlled, could cause the loss of synchronism of the system or an important area and in the worst case scenario, a total or partial collapse. A collapse of the system can cause a great social and economic impact. To recover the balance between supply and demand, Load Shedding Schemes are used, which consist of controlled load disconnection, necessary to reach a new balance point. The purpose of this work is to develop a Low Frequency Load Shedding Scheme methodology, which takes advantage of the availability of data present in an Electrical Power System, from this database a data mining analysis to identify similar patterns and characteristics in the frequency response that the system can present under different N-1 generation conditions. A cluster analysis technique is used to group similar frequency responses to contingencies, and thus identify the Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) that should be set in the data. low frequency protection relays by ROCOF, with the help of heuristic optimization tools, the minimum amount of load that must be sheared from the system is identified to recover the safe operating limits. To develop the methodology, Regulation No. CONELEC 006/00 and the “Determinación del Esquema de Alivio de Carga por Baja Frecuencia” prepared by the National Electricity Operator (CENACE) were used, documents from which operation criteria were extracted.