Obtención de material compuesto biodegradable con fibras naturales empleando almidón de achira para productos de un solo uso : material compuesto biodegradable a base de almidón de achira polimerizado con citrato de sodio reforzado con fibra de cascarilla de arroz.

Abstract

In recent years, environmental pollution has increased due to the indiscriminate use of single-use plastic products such as dishes, cups, utensils, etc. However, some industries are working with composite materials based on natural fibers from renewable sources, allowing to give them a new application and when discarded these products degrade in a shorter time compared to conventional plastics. Thus, the focus of this work is the use of natural fibers and the application of a biodegradable polymeric matrix from achira starch polymerized with sodium citrate, to form a biodegradable composite material capable of being applied to the manufacture of a biodegradable plate. Then, first the polymeric matrix is obtained, by means of a software of Design of Experiments known as Minitab that allows us to obtain a range of samples based on the variables to be applied, of these they are discerned due to the presence of fungi and fragility that they present, obtaining a final sample of good appearance and resistant, cured at room temperature of 23ºC in a duration of 18 days. This matrix is reinforced with rice husk previously processed, in a proportion of 6% of the total weight of the matrix at a temperature of 80ºC in a muffle furnace, tests are carried out based on standardized parameters for biodegradability, resistance to high and low temperatures, liquid containment, and mechanical test. The manufacturing process is defined to obtain the prototype and with it an industrial feasibility analysis.