Prototipo para el monitoreo de flujos de recursos hídricos: diseño y desarrollo del sistema de energía y control fotovoltaico para la alimentación del sistema de captación y análisis de sistemas fluviales.

Abstract

In this work a controller (MPPT) is developed and implemented for an autonomous photovoltaic system with a battery, to supply energy to a river analysis system. It means that a battery which is an energy storage element functions as an energy source when the photovoltaic power is insufficient. The system consists of a 12V lead acid battery, a 50W polycrystalline photovoltaic panel, a DC-DC step-down power converter circuit and a single-phase DC-AC inverter. This system consists of software and hardware design. The DC-DC step-down converter will track the maximum power point (MPP) of the PV panel by regulating the duty cycle that will generate the gate trigger pulse of the step-down converter. The function of the battery is to supply a constant voltage at the system output of 12V DC and 5V DC obtained through a linear voltage regulator, in in addition a 60Hz 110 VAC output it is obtained from a 12/110VAC transformer. The perturb and observe (P&O) method is implemented as the MPPT control algorithm, MATLAB SIMULINK is used to generate a model of the autonomous system and verify its output according to the desired parameters. An Atmega 328P microcontroller is responsible of running the MPPT algorithm for the different stages of battery charging, which requires to know the current and voltage values of the panel through sensors, it is also in charge of generating the control signal for the single-phase inverter and maintaining communication with a data acquisition system for monitoring the complete system.