Evaluación físico matemático de la transferencia del calor geotermal por inyección de fluidos en el pozo abandonado del campo X de la cuenca Oriente para conversión en energía eléctrica.

Abstract

Currently there is a world energy crisis, and the economy of many countries depend mainly on fossil fuels as a source of energy, which, although it is financially profitable, it also generates CO2, which contributes to global warming. As an alternative to dependence on hydrocarbons, it has become necessary to work with clean and sustainable energy sources in the long term, such as the use of geothermal energy. In this perspective, the opportunity to use the oil wells, whose production has declined and are closed, can contribute to promote the energy use of the Amazon hydrocarbon basin since the infrastructure of the drilled oil well would be used, which represents half of the costs of a project of this type. In this study, a concentric tube heat exchanger is used to allow heat transfer between the surrounding rock and fluid, and between the input and output fluid. This exchanger allows heat to be extracted using a fluid in a closed cycle which will be injected through the annular space and will exit through a properly insulated and sized pipe. To calculate the outlet temperature of the geothermal fluid, the heat transferred inside the heat exchanger is previously calculated, considering the rock at the bottom, the existing casing in the well, the inner pipe and the insulating layer that covers it. In the calculations, the properties of water as a geothermal fluid were considered in a constant manner throughout the well system to set values and solve the problem with a general perspective on the outlet temperature that will be at the end of the pipe. Once the geothermal energy is extracted and brought to the surface, it will be used in an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), which by means of a working fluid such as R134a will help to determine the amount of electrical energy obtained from the well through the calculation of work (power). Finally, a general cost analysis will be performed to see the feasibility of the project over a 20-year period. The appropriate characteristics of the wells and their heat capacity were analyzed, thus quantifying the amount of energy that can be extracted from other wells with the same characteristics.