Efecto de la producción agrícola de distintos países del mundo sobre el cambio climático : agricultura, cambio climático y nutrición.

Abstract

Climate change represents one of the world's greatest current challenges, and its consequences will affect the development of several economic sectors, including agriculture. This study analyzes the bidirectional relationship between climate change, measured through emissions of methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, with agricultural production (rice, corn, and beans). For this, a panel autoregressive vector model is estimated, considering 17 Latin American countries, with data obtained from FAOSTAT for the period 2001-2020. The results suggest the negative impact of climate change on the development of crops and that, in turn, this contributes to the increase in greenhouse gases. The practices used in crops, such as the use of fertilizers or pesticides, are possible causes of this increase in greenhouse gases. It was found that Brazil is the largest agricultural producer and the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, while countries such as El Salvador, Uruguay and Costa Rica are the smallest agricultural producers and, therefore, the least polluting