Planificación estratégica de líneas en el transporte público de Cuenca : Modelo para minimizar el número de transferencias de pasajeros en el sistema de transporte público de Cuenca.

Abstract

The deficit situation in the Ecuadorian Pension System is a critical issue that requires an in-depth study to find solutions that protect and secure the rights of the entire affected population. In response to this situation, a series of reforms aimed at improving the sustainability of the pension system were proposed in August 2023. This project aims to estimate the average savings that the IESS (Ecuadorian Social Security Institute) could achieve for each retiree after the implementation of the reform, which proposes an increase in the contribution period for calculating the old-age pension. Additionally, it evaluates the impact of its application on different population groups, identifying those most affected. A comprehensive comparison of various elements of social security, both before and after the reform, is also conducted. To achieve these objectives, a detailed analysis of the pension system in Ecuador is carried out. This analysis allows for an understanding of the system’s functioning and an evaluation of how the reform may influence the welfare of the affiliates and the financial sustainability of the IESS. Special attention is paid to how the reform affects state savings and other key aspects such as the total savings of affiliates, the replacement rate, and the year in which the fund deficit for retirees would be reached. This aims to provide a detailed understanding of the proposed reform, offering a comprehensive view of its implications for the social security system and the population in general.