Análisis de la respuesta vibracional en una cabina de bus y sus efectos en el desempeño funcional del conductor : análisis de los niveles de vibración de un sistema cabina-suspensión de un bus modelo 1 y sus efectos en el confort del cuerpo humano durante las actividades de conducción aplicando una carga armónica.

Abstract

This project focuses on the analysis of vibrational response in a bus cabin under harmonic loads, developing a methodology for measurement and evaluation. The natural vibration modes and their frequencies were identified and validated in a cabin prototype. The study confirmed that vibration levels in the cabin do not comply with the comfort and health parameters stipulated by INEN ISO 2631-1 and Real Decreto RD 1311/2005, which suggest maintaining vibrations below 0.315 m/s² to avoid discomfort and health issues. The results show that the handlebar and steering wheel exhibit the highest accelerations, exceeding the regulatory vibration range, while the cabin structure experiences lower levels. The pedal displayed a unique vibrational behavior, emerging as an area of interest for future research. The highest amplitudes were identified at 11 and 48 Hz, considered critical points for the damping system design. The acceleration drop at 20 Hz suggests a useful pattern for designing better vibration mitigation strategies. The comparison with the actual bus cabin highlighted the need for effective damping systems. It is recommended to focus research on reducing vibrations in the handlebar and steering wheel, explore the use of advanced materials such as elastomers or carbon fiber, and employ simulations to predict and mitigate vibrations. Furthermore, the implementation of advanced telemetry systems is suggested for a detailed analysis of vehicle vibrations and behavior.