Xenofobia en América Latina: determinantes en la encuesta Latinobarómetro.

Abstract

In this research, the determinants of xenophobic behavior in Latin America were studied. For this, the 2015 Latinobarometer survey was used. In order to capture the complete effect of the variables, indicators were created using the Multiple Correspondence Analysis methodology. Subsequently, they were used jointly with other variables in a probit model which was corrected for endogeneity using the two-stage conditional maximum likelihood methodology. The results show that a xenophobic individual presents the following main social characteristics: having low purchasing power, perceiving that their economic rights are not assured, having an ideology of the extreme right in terms of trust in the forces of order, fear that their country will internationalize, believe that there is a high level of insecurity within their community and a very old age. On the other hand, education turned out to be a secondary determinant of xenophobia. Likewise, insufficient evidence was obtained that relates: mistrusting their economy, have a good opinion of other economies, mistrusting people, mistrusting the media, not participating in actions that support minority rights, being a man or a woman, and not having considered migrating, with greater xenophobia. Finally, it was concluded that in the Latin American region both its citizens and its authorities exhibit unresolved xenophobic b